/* Copyright (C) 2012 Wildfire Games.
 * This file is part of 0 A.D.
 *
 * 0 A.D. is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * 0 A.D. is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with 0 A.D.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */

#include "precompiled.h"

#include "OverlayRenderer.h"

#include <boost/unordered_map.hpp>
#include "graphics/LOSTexture.h"
#include "graphics/Overlay.h"
#include "graphics/Terrain.h"
#include "graphics/TextureManager.h"
#include "lib/ogl.h"
#include "maths/MathUtil.h"
#include "maths/Quaternion.h"
#include "ps/Game.h"
#include "ps/Profile.h"
#include "renderer/Renderer.h"
#include "renderer/TexturedLineRData.h"
#include "renderer/VertexArray.h"
#include "renderer/VertexBuffer.h"
#include "renderer/VertexBufferManager.h"
#include "simulation2/Simulation2.h"
#include "simulation2/components/ICmpWaterManager.h"
#include "simulation2/system/SimContext.h"

/**
 * Key used to group quads into batches for more efficient rendering. Currently groups by the combination
 * of the main texture and the texture mask, to minimize texture swapping during rendering.
 */
struct QuadBatchKey
{
	QuadBatchKey (const CTexturePtr& texture, const CTexturePtr& textureMask)
		: m_Texture(texture), m_TextureMask(textureMask)
	{ }

	bool operator==(const QuadBatchKey& other) const
	{
		return (m_Texture == other.m_Texture && m_TextureMask == other.m_TextureMask);
	}

	CTexturePtr m_Texture;
	CTexturePtr m_TextureMask;
};

/**
 * Holds information about a single quad rendering batch.
 */
class QuadBatchData : public CRenderData
{
public:
	QuadBatchData() : m_IndicesBase(0), m_NumRenderQuads(0) { }

	/// Holds the quad overlay structures requested to be rendered in this batch. Must be cleared
	/// after each frame.
	std::vector<SOverlayQuad*> m_Quads;

	/// Start index of this batch into the dedicated quad indices VertexArray (see OverlayInternals).
	size_t m_IndicesBase;
	/// Amount of quads to actually render in this batch. Potentially (although unlikely to be)
	/// different from m_Quads.size() due to restrictions on the total amount of quads that can be
	/// rendered. Must be reset after each frame.
	size_t m_NumRenderQuads;
};

struct OverlayRendererInternals
{
	typedef boost::unordered_map<QuadBatchKey, QuadBatchData> QuadBatchMap;

	OverlayRendererInternals();
	~OverlayRendererInternals(){ }

	std::vector<SOverlayLine*> lines;
	std::vector<SOverlayTexturedLine*> texlines;
	std::vector<SOverlaySprite*> sprites;
	std::vector<SOverlayQuad*> quads;

	QuadBatchMap quadBatchMap;

	// Dedicated vertex/index buffers for rendering all quads (to within the limits set by
	// MAX_QUAD_OVERLAYS).
	VertexArray quadVertices;
	VertexArray::Attribute quadAttributePos;
	VertexArray::Attribute quadAttributeColor;
	VertexArray::Attribute quadAttributeUV;
	VertexIndexArray quadIndices;

	/// Maximum amount of quad overlays we support for rendering. This limit is set to be able to 
	/// render all quads from a single dedicated VB without having to reallocate it, which is much
	/// faster in the typical case of rendering only a handful of quads. When modifying this value,
	/// you must take care for the new amount of quads to fit in a single VBO (which is not likely
	/// to be a problem).
	static const size_t MAX_QUAD_OVERLAYS = 1024;

	// Sets of commonly-(re)used shader defines.
	CShaderDefines defsOverlayLineNormal;
	CShaderDefines defsOverlayLineAlwaysVisible;
	CShaderDefines defsQuadOverlay;

	/// Performs one-time setup. Called from CRenderer::Open, after graphics capabilities have
	/// been detected. Note that no VBOs must be created before this is called, since the shader
	/// path and graphics capabilities are not guaranteed to be stable before this point.
	void Initialize();
};

const float OverlayRenderer::OVERLAY_VOFFSET = 0.2f;

OverlayRendererInternals::OverlayRendererInternals()
	: quadVertices(GL_DYNAMIC_DRAW), quadIndices(GL_DYNAMIC_DRAW)
{
	quadAttributePos.elems = 3;
	quadAttributePos.type = GL_FLOAT;
	quadVertices.AddAttribute(&quadAttributePos);

	quadAttributeColor.elems = 4;
	quadAttributeColor.type = GL_FLOAT;
	quadVertices.AddAttribute(&quadAttributeColor);

	quadAttributeUV.elems = 2;
	quadAttributeUV.type = GL_SHORT; // don't use GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT here, TexCoordPointer won't accept it
	quadVertices.AddAttribute(&quadAttributeUV);

	// Note that we're reusing the textured overlay line shader for the quad overlay rendering. This
	// is because their code is almost identical; the only difference is that for the quad overlays
	// we want to use a vertex color stream as opposed to an objectColor uniform. To this end, the
	// shader has been set up to switch between the two behaviours based on the USE_OBJECTCOLOR define.
	defsOverlayLineNormal.Add("USE_OBJECTCOLOR", "1");
	defsOverlayLineAlwaysVisible.Add("USE_OBJECTCOLOR", "1");
	defsOverlayLineAlwaysVisible.Add("IGNORE_LOS", "1");
}

void OverlayRendererInternals::Initialize()
{
	// Perform any initialization after graphics capabilities have been detected. Notably,
	// only at this point can we safely allocate VBOs (in contrast to e.g. in the constructor),
	// because their creation depends on the shader path, which is not reliably set before this point.
	
	quadVertices.SetNumVertices(MAX_QUAD_OVERLAYS * 4);
	quadVertices.Layout(); // allocate backing store

	quadIndices.SetNumVertices(MAX_QUAD_OVERLAYS * 6);
	quadIndices.Layout(); // allocate backing store

	// Since the quads in the vertex array are independent and always consist of exactly 4 vertices per quad, the
	// indices are always the same; we can therefore fill in all the indices once and pretty much forget about
	// them. We then also no longer need its backing store, since we never change any indices afterwards.
	VertexArrayIterator<u16> index = quadIndices.GetIterator();
	for (size_t i = 0; i < MAX_QUAD_OVERLAYS; ++i)
	{
		*index++ = i*4 + 0;
		*index++ = i*4 + 1;
		*index++ = i*4 + 2;
		*index++ = i*4 + 2;
		*index++ = i*4 + 3;
		*index++ = i*4 + 0;
	}
	quadIndices.Upload();
	quadIndices.FreeBackingStore();
}

static size_t hash_value(const QuadBatchKey& d)
{
	size_t seed = 0;
	boost::hash_combine(seed, d.m_Texture);
	boost::hash_combine(seed, d.m_TextureMask);
	return seed;
}

OverlayRenderer::OverlayRenderer()
{
	m = new OverlayRendererInternals();
}

OverlayRenderer::~OverlayRenderer()
{
	delete m;
}

void OverlayRenderer::Initialize()
{
	m->Initialize();
}

void OverlayRenderer::Submit(SOverlayLine* line)
{
	ENSURE(line->m_Coords.size() % 3 == 0);

	m->lines.push_back(line);
}

void OverlayRenderer::Submit(SOverlayTexturedLine* line)
{
	// Simplify the rest of the code by guaranteeing non-empty lines
	if (line->m_Coords.empty())
		return;

	ENSURE(line->m_Coords.size() % 2 == 0);

	m->texlines.push_back(line);
}

void OverlayRenderer::Submit(SOverlaySprite* overlay)
{
	m->sprites.push_back(overlay);
}

void OverlayRenderer::Submit(SOverlayQuad* overlay)
{
	m->quads.push_back(overlay);
}

void OverlayRenderer::EndFrame()
{
	m->lines.clear();
	m->texlines.clear();
	m->sprites.clear();
	m->quads.clear();
	// this should leave the capacity unchanged, which is okay since it
	// won't be very large or very variable
	
	// Empty the batch rendering data structures, but keep their key mappings around for the next frames
	for (OverlayRendererInternals::QuadBatchMap::iterator it = m->quadBatchMap.begin(); it != m->quadBatchMap.end(); it++)
	{
		QuadBatchData& quadBatchData = (it->second);
		quadBatchData.m_Quads.clear();
		quadBatchData.m_NumRenderQuads = 0;
		quadBatchData.m_IndicesBase = 0;
	}
}

void OverlayRenderer::PrepareForRendering()
{
	PROFILE3("prepare overlays");

	// This is where we should do something like sort the overlays by
	// colour/sprite/etc for more efficient rendering

	for (size_t i = 0; i < m->texlines.size(); ++i)
	{
		SOverlayTexturedLine* line = m->texlines[i];
		if (!line->m_RenderData)
		{
			line->m_RenderData = shared_ptr<CTexturedLineRData>(new CTexturedLineRData());
			line->m_RenderData->Update(*line);
			// We assume the overlay line will get replaced by the caller
			// if terrain changes, so we don't need to detect that here and
			// call Update again. Also we assume the caller won't change
			// any of the parameters after first submitting the line.
		}
	}

	// Group quad overlays by their texture/mask combination for efficient rendering
	// TODO: consider doing this directly in Submit()
	for (size_t i = 0; i < m->quads.size(); ++i)
	{
		SOverlayQuad* const quad = m->quads[i];

		QuadBatchKey textures(quad->m_Texture, quad->m_TextureMask);
		QuadBatchData& batchRenderData = m->quadBatchMap[textures]; // will create entry if it doesn't already exist

		// add overlay to list of quads
		batchRenderData.m_Quads.push_back(quad);
	}

	const CVector3D vOffset(0, OverlayRenderer::OVERLAY_VOFFSET, 0);

	// Write quad overlay vertices/indices to VA backing store
	VertexArrayIterator<CVector3D> vertexPos = m->quadAttributePos.GetIterator<CVector3D>();
	VertexArrayIterator<CVector4D> vertexColor = m->quadAttributeColor.GetIterator<CVector4D>();
	VertexArrayIterator<short[2]> vertexUV = m->quadAttributeUV.GetIterator<short[2]>();

	size_t indicesIdx = 0;
	size_t totalNumQuads = 0;

	for (OverlayRendererInternals::QuadBatchMap::iterator it = m->quadBatchMap.begin(); it != m->quadBatchMap.end(); ++it)
	{
		QuadBatchData& batchRenderData = (it->second);
		batchRenderData.m_NumRenderQuads = 0;

		if (batchRenderData.m_Quads.empty())
			continue;

		// Remember the current index into the (entire) indices array as our base offset for this batch
		batchRenderData.m_IndicesBase = indicesIdx;

		// points to the index where each iteration's vertices will be appended
		for (size_t i = 0; i < batchRenderData.m_Quads.size() && totalNumQuads < OverlayRendererInternals::MAX_QUAD_OVERLAYS; i++)
		{
			const SOverlayQuad* quad = batchRenderData.m_Quads[i];

			// TODO: this is kind of ugly, the iterator should use a type that can have quad->m_Color assigned
			// to it directly
			const CVector4D quadColor(quad->m_Color.r, quad->m_Color.g, quad->m_Color.b, quad->m_Color.a);

			*vertexPos++ = quad->m_Corners[0] + vOffset;
			*vertexPos++ = quad->m_Corners[1] + vOffset;
			*vertexPos++ = quad->m_Corners[2] + vOffset;
			*vertexPos++ = quad->m_Corners[3] + vOffset;
			
			(*vertexUV)[0] = 0;
			(*vertexUV)[1] = 0;
			++vertexUV;
			(*vertexUV)[0] = 0;
			(*vertexUV)[1] = 1;
			++vertexUV;
			(*vertexUV)[0] = 1;
			(*vertexUV)[1] = 1;
			++vertexUV;
			(*vertexUV)[0] = 1;
			(*vertexUV)[1] = 0;
			++vertexUV;

			*vertexColor++ = quadColor;
			*vertexColor++ = quadColor;
			*vertexColor++ = quadColor;
			*vertexColor++ = quadColor;

			indicesIdx += 6;

			totalNumQuads++;
			batchRenderData.m_NumRenderQuads++;
		}
	}

	m->quadVertices.Upload();
	// don't free the backing store! we'll overwrite it on the next frame to save a reallocation.
}

void OverlayRenderer::RenderOverlaysBeforeWater()
{
	PROFILE3_GPU("overlays (before)");

#if CONFIG2_GLES
#warning TODO: implement OverlayRenderer::RenderOverlaysBeforeWater for GLES
#else
	pglActiveTextureARB(GL_TEXTURE0);
	glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
	glEnable(GL_BLEND);

	// Ignore z so that we draw behind terrain (but don't disable GL_DEPTH_TEST
	// since we still want to write to the z buffer)
	glDepthFunc(GL_ALWAYS);

	for (size_t i = 0; i < m->lines.size(); ++i)
	{
		SOverlayLine* line = m->lines[i];
		if (line->m_Coords.empty())
			continue;

		ENSURE(line->m_Coords.size() % 3 == 0);

		glColor4fv(line->m_Color.FloatArray());
		glLineWidth((float)line->m_Thickness);

		glInterleavedArrays(GL_V3F, sizeof(float)*3, &line->m_Coords[0]);
		glDrawArrays(GL_LINE_STRIP, 0, (GLsizei)line->m_Coords.size()/3);
	}

	glDisableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);

	glLineWidth(1.f);
	glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL);
	glDisable(GL_BLEND);
#endif
}

void OverlayRenderer::RenderOverlaysAfterWater()
{
	PROFILE3_GPU("overlays (after)");

	RenderTexturedOverlayLines();
	RenderQuadOverlays();
}

void OverlayRenderer::RenderTexturedOverlayLines()
{
#if CONFIG2_GLES
#warning TODO: implement OverlayRenderer::RenderTexturedOverlayLines for GLES
	return;
#endif
	if (m->texlines.empty())
		return;

	ogl_WarnIfError();

	glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
	glEnable(GL_BLEND);
	glDepthMask(0);

	const char* shaderName;
	if (g_Renderer.GetRenderPath() == CRenderer::RP_SHADER)
		shaderName = "arb/overlayline";
	else
		shaderName = "fixed:overlayline";

	CLOSTexture& los = g_Renderer.GetScene().GetLOSTexture();

	CShaderManager& shaderManager = g_Renderer.GetShaderManager();
	CShaderProgramPtr shaderTexLineNormal(shaderManager.LoadProgram(shaderName, m->defsOverlayLineNormal));
	CShaderProgramPtr shaderTexLineAlwaysVisible(shaderManager.LoadProgram(shaderName, m->defsOverlayLineAlwaysVisible));

	// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	if (shaderTexLineNormal)
	{
		shaderTexLineNormal->Bind();
		shaderTexLineNormal->BindTexture("losTex", los.GetTexture());
		shaderTexLineNormal->Uniform("losTransform", los.GetTextureMatrix()[0], los.GetTextureMatrix()[12], 0.f, 0.f);

		// batch render only the non-always-visible overlay lines using the normal shader
		RenderTexturedOverlayLines(shaderTexLineNormal, false);

		shaderTexLineNormal->Unbind();
	}

	// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	if (shaderTexLineAlwaysVisible)
	{
		shaderTexLineAlwaysVisible->Bind();
		// TODO: losTex and losTransform are unused in the always visible shader; see if these can be safely omitted
		shaderTexLineAlwaysVisible->BindTexture("losTex", los.GetTexture());
		shaderTexLineAlwaysVisible->Uniform("losTransform", los.GetTextureMatrix()[0], los.GetTextureMatrix()[12], 0.f, 0.f);

		// batch render only the always-visible overlay lines using the LoS-ignored shader
		RenderTexturedOverlayLines(shaderTexLineAlwaysVisible, true);

		shaderTexLineAlwaysVisible->Unbind();
	}

	// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	// TODO: the shaders should probably be responsible for unbinding their textures
	g_Renderer.BindTexture(1, 0);
	g_Renderer.BindTexture(0, 0);

	CVertexBuffer::Unbind();

	glDepthMask(1);
	glDisable(GL_BLEND);
}

void OverlayRenderer::RenderTexturedOverlayLines(CShaderProgramPtr shader, bool alwaysVisible)
{
	for (size_t i = 0; i < m->texlines.size(); ++i)
	{
		SOverlayTexturedLine* line = m->texlines[i];

		// render only those lines matching the requested alwaysVisible status
		if (!line->m_RenderData || line->m_AlwaysVisible != alwaysVisible)
			continue;

		ENSURE(line->m_RenderData);
		line->m_RenderData->Render(*line, shader);
	}
}

void OverlayRenderer::RenderQuadOverlays()
{
	if (m->quadBatchMap.empty())
		return;

	ogl_WarnIfError();

	glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
	glEnable(GL_BLEND);
	glDepthMask(0);

	const char* shaderName;
	if (g_Renderer.GetRenderPath() == CRenderer::RP_SHADER)
		shaderName = "arb/overlayline";
	else
		shaderName = "fixed:overlayline";

	CLOSTexture& los = g_Renderer.GetScene().GetLOSTexture();

	CShaderManager& shaderManager = g_Renderer.GetShaderManager();
	CShaderProgramPtr shader(shaderManager.LoadProgram(shaderName, m->defsQuadOverlay));

	// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	if (shader)
	{
		shader->Bind();
		shader->BindTexture("losTex", los.GetTexture());
		shader->Uniform("losTransform", los.GetTextureMatrix()[0], los.GetTextureMatrix()[12], 0.f, 0.f);

		// Base offsets (in bytes) of the two backing stores relative to their owner VBO
		u8* indexBase = m->quadIndices.Bind();
		u8* vertexBase = m->quadVertices.Bind();
		GLsizei indexStride = m->quadIndices.GetStride();
		GLsizei vertexStride = m->quadVertices.GetStride();

		for (OverlayRendererInternals::QuadBatchMap::iterator it = m->quadBatchMap.begin(); it != m->quadBatchMap.end(); it++)
		{
			QuadBatchData& batchRenderData = it->second;
			const size_t batchNumQuads = batchRenderData.m_NumRenderQuads;

			// Careful; some drivers don't like drawing calls with 0 stuff to draw.
			if (batchNumQuads == 0)
				continue;

			const QuadBatchKey& maskPair = it->first;

			shader->BindTexture("baseTex", maskPair.m_Texture->GetHandle());
			shader->BindTexture("maskTex", maskPair.m_TextureMask->GetHandle());

			int streamflags = shader->GetStreamFlags();

			if (streamflags & STREAM_POS)
				shader->VertexPointer(m->quadAttributePos.elems, m->quadAttributePos.type, vertexStride, vertexBase + m->quadAttributePos.offset);

			if (streamflags & STREAM_UV0)
				shader->TexCoordPointer(GL_TEXTURE0, m->quadAttributeUV.elems, m->quadAttributeUV.type, vertexStride, vertexBase + m->quadAttributeUV.offset);

			if (streamflags & STREAM_UV1)
				shader->TexCoordPointer(GL_TEXTURE1, m->quadAttributeUV.elems, m->quadAttributeUV.type, vertexStride, vertexBase + m->quadAttributeUV.offset);
			
			if (streamflags & STREAM_COLOR)
				shader->ColorPointer(m->quadAttributeColor.elems, m->quadAttributeColor.type, vertexStride, vertexBase + m->quadAttributeColor.offset);
			
			shader->AssertPointersBound();
			glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, (GLsizei)(batchNumQuads * 6), GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, indexBase + indexStride * batchRenderData.m_IndicesBase);

			g_Renderer.GetStats().m_DrawCalls++;
			g_Renderer.GetStats().m_OverlayTris += batchNumQuads*2;
		}

		shader->Unbind();
	}

	// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	// TODO: the shader should probably be responsible for unbinding its textures
	g_Renderer.BindTexture(1, 0);
	g_Renderer.BindTexture(0, 0);

	CVertexBuffer::Unbind();

	glDepthMask(1);
	glDisable(GL_BLEND);
}

void OverlayRenderer::RenderForegroundOverlays(const CCamera& viewCamera)
{
	PROFILE3_GPU("overlays (fg)");

#if CONFIG2_GLES
#warning TODO: implement OverlayRenderer::RenderForegroundOverlays for GLES
#else
	glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
	glEnable(GL_BLEND);
	glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);

	CVector3D right = -viewCamera.m_Orientation.GetLeft();
	CVector3D up = viewCamera.m_Orientation.GetUp();

	glColor4f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);

	glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
	glEnableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY);
	
	CShaderProgramPtr shader;
	CShaderTechniquePtr tech;
	
	if (g_Renderer.GetRenderPath() == CRenderer::RP_SHADER)
	{
		tech = g_Renderer.GetShaderManager().LoadEffect("foreground_overlay");
		tech->BeginPass();
		shader = tech->GetShader();
	}

	float uvs[8] = { 0,0, 1,0, 1,1, 0,1 };
	
	if (g_Renderer.GetRenderPath() == CRenderer::RP_SHADER)
		shader->TexCoordPointer(GL_TEXTURE0, 2, GL_FLOAT, sizeof(float)*2, &uvs[0]);
	else
		glTexCoordPointer(2, GL_FLOAT, sizeof(float)*2, &uvs);

	for (size_t i = 0; i < m->sprites.size(); ++i)
	{
		SOverlaySprite* sprite = m->sprites[i];
		
		if (g_Renderer.GetRenderPath() == CRenderer::RP_SHADER)
			shader->BindTexture("baseTex", sprite->m_Texture);
		else
			sprite->m_Texture->Bind();

		CVector3D pos[4] = {
			sprite->m_Position + right*sprite->m_X0 + up*sprite->m_Y0,
			sprite->m_Position + right*sprite->m_X1 + up*sprite->m_Y0,
			sprite->m_Position + right*sprite->m_X1 + up*sprite->m_Y1,
			sprite->m_Position + right*sprite->m_X0 + up*sprite->m_Y1
		};

		if (g_Renderer.GetRenderPath() == CRenderer::RP_SHADER)
			shader->VertexPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, sizeof(float)*3, &pos[0].X);
		else
			glVertexPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, sizeof(float)*3, &pos[0].X);
		
		glDrawArrays(GL_QUADS, 0, (GLsizei)4);

		g_Renderer.GetStats().m_DrawCalls++;
		g_Renderer.GetStats().m_OverlayTris += 2;
	}
	
	if (g_Renderer.GetRenderPath() == CRenderer::RP_SHADER)
		tech->EndPass();

	glDisableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
	glDisableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY);

	glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
	glDisable(GL_BLEND);
	glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
#endif
}